| Armored Cruiser 11 was laid down on 23 September 1903 at Camden,
New Jersey, by the New York Shipbuilding Co.; launched on 18 March 1905;
sponsored by Miss Helen Stewart Wilson, daughter of United States Senator
John L. Wilson of Washington state; and commissioned at the Philadelphia
Navy Yard on 7 August 1960, Capt. James D. Adams in command. |
| Washington was fitted out there until 1 November when she
got underway for Hampton Roads, Virginia, whence she departed a week later
as an escort for Louisiana (Battleship No. 19) which was then carrying
President Theodore Roosevelt to Panama for an inspection of progress of work
constructing the Panama Canal. During that voyage, the armored cruiser touched
at Hampton Roads and Piney Point, Virginia; Colon, Panama; Chiriqui lagoon;
and Mona Passage before she returned to Newport News on 26 November. She
headed back toward the Delaware capes on 8 December, arrived at the Philadelphia
Navy Yard on the 11th, and remained there undergoing repairs into the spring
of 1907. |
| Washington departed League Island on 11 April and arrived
at Hampton Roads the next day. She remained there into May participating
in festivities of the Jamestown Tercentenary Exposition which commemorated
the founding of Jamestown in 1607, the first permanent settlement of Anglo-Saxon
people in America. She returned northward soon thereafter, spending most
of May undergoing docking and tests at the New York Navy Yard. She then shook
down off Tompkinsville, Staten Island, New York, from 28 May to 5 June before
she returned to Hampton Roads for further observances at the Jamestown
Exposition. |
| Washington departed Hampton Roads on 11 June and proceeded
via Bradford, Rhode Island, to Newport where she joined Tennessee
(Armored Cruiser No. 10) before heading across the Atlantic on the 14th,
bound for European waters. The sisterships visited the French ports of Royan,
Ile d'Aix, La Pallice, and Brest between 23 June and 25 July, before returning
to Tompkinsville in August to run speed trials. |
| Following those trials and a period of yard work at the New York
Navy Yard, Washington set sail for the Pacific Station, again in company
with Tennessee. The two armored cruisers subsequently called at Hampton
Roads; Port-of-Spain, Trinidad; British West Indies; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Montevideo, Uruguay; Punta Arenas, Chile; Callao, Peru; Acapulco, Mexico;
and Pichilinque Bay, Mexico; before they joined the Pacific Fleet in time
to fire target practices with them at Magdalena Bay, Mexico, form late December
1907 into January 1908. Washington subsequently operated both in company
with the Fleet and on independent tactical exercises out of Magdalena Bay
into March, operating also off Santa Barbara, San Francisco, and San Diego,
as well as San Pedro, California. Other ports visited by the armored cruiser
into the summer of 1908 included Redondo Beach, Venice, Monterey, Angel Island,
California; and Port Townsend, Port Angeles, Seattle, Tacoma, and Bremerton,
Washington. She was among the units of the Fleet reviewed by the Secretary
of the Navy at San Francisco between 6 and 17 May. |
| Washington operated off the west coast into 1909 before
she made preparations to sail in company with the Armored Cruiser Squadron
to "show the flag" in the Far East. She accordingly got underway from San
Francisco on 5 September 1909 and called, in succession, at Honolulu, Hawaii,
from 10 to 20 September; and Nares Harbor, Admiralty Islands -- where she
coaled ship between 17 and 25 October -- before she arrived at Manila, Philippine
Islands, on 30 October. |
| After visiting Woosung (near Shanghai), China, form 14 to 30 December
1909, Washington and her sisters called at Yokohama, Japan, form 3
to 20 January 1910, and Honolulu from 31 January to 8 February, before returning
to the west coast. Washington made port back at San Francisco via
Port Discovery and Bremerton, Washington, on 3 March. She then returned to
Bremerton where she commenced a period of repairs on 21 March. |
| Washington next operated off the west coast into the autumn
of 1910, holding target practices off Santa Cruz, California, before returning
to San Francisco. She coaled ship at Tiburon, California, on 7 and 8 August
before shifting to San Francisco to prepare for her next deployment. On 14
August, she departed San Francisco, bound for South America on the first
leg of her voyage to the east coast to join the Atlantic Fleet. With the
ships of the 1st Division of the Pacific Fleet, Washington visited
Valparaiso, Chile, and took part in the observances of the Chilean Centennial
Celebration from 10 to 23 September. She then resumed her voyage around South
America, touching at Talcahauano and Punta Arenas, Chile; Rio de Janeiro;
Carlisle Bay, Barbados; and St. Thomas, Danish West Indies; before she arrived
at Culebra, Puerto Rico, on 2 November to prepare for target practice with
the Fleet. |
| Washington's next area of operations was the Tidewater
area of Virginia -- especially Hampton Roads and Lynnhaven Bay -- before
the armored cruiser underwent repairs at the Norfolk Navy Yard from 20 December
1910 to 2 January 1911. The armored cruiser subsequently underwent another
period of repairs at the Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Navy Yard before heading
south with stores and material for delivery to the 5th Division of the Fleet
in Cuban waters. She arrived at Guantanamo Bay on 20 March and remained there
into the summer, conducting trials and exercises with the 5th Division. She
then turrned northward and stopped at Hampton Roads from 21 to 24 June before
pushing on to New York, where she arrived on the 25th. |
| The armored cruiser operated off the northeastern seaboard through
the summer, holding exercises and maneuvers in areas ranging from Cape Cod
Bay to Hampton Roads. During that time, she cruised briefly with the Naval
Militia from 19 to 21 July 1911; acted as a reference ship for torpedo practice
off Sandwich Island, Massachusetts, on 2 August; witnessed the
Delaware
(Battleship No. 28) as that man-of-war fired at the target hulk
San Marcos on
27 and 28 August; and then conducted battle practice with the Fleet off the
southern drill grounds. In early November, Washington was among the
ships of the Fleet reviewed by President William H. Taft. |
| The cruiser then participated in a search problem out of Newport,
Rhode Island, from 9 to 18 November before she sailed for the West Indies
in company with
North
Carolina (Armored Cruiser 12), arriving at Santo Domingo, Dominican
Republic, on 26 November. Washington subsequently returned home to
Hampton Roads in company with her sistership and went into drydock at the
Norfolk Navy Yard three days before Christmas of 1911. |
| After returning to the Fleet and participating in maneuvers in
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in lat January and early February, 1912,
Washington steamed back to the Norfolk Navy Yard where, between 13
and 19 February, she underwent special preparations to embark the Secretary
of State and his party. The armored cruiser then shifted to Key West where
she embarked the Secretary on 23 February. In the ensuing weeks,
Washington carried the honorable Philander C. Knox and his guests
to such ports as Colon, Panama; Port Limon, Costa Rica; Puerto Barrios,
Guatemala; La Guaira, Venezuela; Santo Domingo; St. Thomas; Puerto Cabalo,
Venezuela; San Juan; Port-au-Prince; Guantanamo Bay; Kingston, Jamaica; and
Havana; before disembarking her distinguished guests at Piney Point, Maryland,
on 16 April. |
| The high point of the spring of 1912 for Washington was
her service as temporary flagship for the Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet,
while she was at the Philadelphia Navy Yard between 19 April and 3 May. The
warship subsequently paused at New York from 9 to 12 May and at the Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, Navy Yard for an inspection by the Board of Inspection and
Survey for ships before she conducted maneuvers out of Provincetown and Newport
and then received Rear Admiral
Hugo
Osterhaus -- the Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet -- on board on
26 May. After shifting to Hampton Roads, Washington embarked a detachment
of additional marines on 27 May; took on stores; and set out that day for
Key West. There, she awaited further orders between 30 May and 10 June, while
President Taft concentrated a strong naval force there to prepare for possible
action which might be required by internal problems in Cuba. |
| In the late spring and early summer, a rebellion on that Caribbean
island occasioned a show of force by the United States. Washington
accordingly departed Key West on 10 June and arrived at Havana later that
day. She remained there on "duty in connection with the Cuban rebellion"
until 1 July when she shifted to Guantanamo. The rebellion on the island
was put down by the Cuban Government, resulting in the withdrawal of the
American naval and marine representation there. Accordingly,
Washington sailed to Hampton Roads, where she discharged her marines
and equipment and went into "first reserve' at the Portsmouth, New Hampshire,
Navy Yard on 9 July. |
| She remained inactive until 8 October when she sailed for New
York to participate in the naval review held there between 10 and 15 October
and then resumed her reserve status at Portsmouth to the New York Navy Yard
-- via President Roads, Massachusetts, and Tompkinsville, Staten Island --
Washington was assigned duty as receiving ship at the navy yard on
20 July. |
| The armored cruiser was placed in commission again on 23 April
1914, Capt. Edward W. Eberle in command. Later that spring, the armored cruiser
took on board drafts of men from Norfolk and Port Royal, South Carolina on
30 May and 2 April; touched at Key West, Florida; and proceeded to Santo
Domingo. |
| Once again there was unrest in the Dominican Republic. A revolution
in the northern province of Santiago, against the rule of Provisional President
Jose Bordes Valdes, had been quelled; but one in the province of Puerto Plata
-- near the capital of Santo Domingo itself -- continued unchecked and was
marked by severe fighting -- fighting so severe that "marked apprehension"
existed in Washington. |
| On 1 May, the gunboat
Petrel had been
ordered to Dominican waters, but a further show of force seemed to be in
order. Accordingly, Washington was chosen to "show the flag" in those
troubled waters. She departed Key West on 4 May and arrived at the beleaguered
city of Puerto Plata on 6 May to protect American interests, joining the
gunboat Petrel. Six days later, Capt. Eberle invited representatives
of both warring parties -- the insurgents and the government -- out to his
ship, in an attempt to persuade both sides to come to an amicable
settlement. |
| Unfortunately, the attempt failed, and the fighting continued.
The insurgents were aided by a recent large consignment of guns and ammunition
smuggled across the Haitian border that had given them new blood. The
revolutionaries soon recaptured the key city of Le Vega and were successfully
holding Puerto Plata. Government forces, laying siege to that port and shelling
the insurgents, clearly endangered the olives of the neutral citizens still
living in the city. Capt. Eberly objected to the bombardment and warned President
Valdes repeatedly. |
| Washington departed Puerto Plata on 6 June with the conflict
between the insurgents and the government of President Valdes still unresolved.
Her place had bee taken by Machias (Gunboat No. 5). Washington
coaled ship and took on stores at Guantanamo Bay form 7 to 10 June before
she sailed for Veracruz, Mexico. She then remained in Mexican waters between
14 and 24 June before she shifted to Cape Haitian, Haiti, to protect American
interests there during an outbreak of violence that summer. |
| Washington remained at Cape Haitien into July. In the meantime,
the situation in the Dominican Republic had worsened when government shellings
of rebel positions in Puerto Plata resulted in an inevitable "incident."
On 26 June, a stray shell killed an English woman in Puerto Plata causing
the gunboat Machias to shift to berth in the inner harbor and shell
one of President Valdes' batteries, silencing it with a few well placed shots.
During early July, Machias again fired her guns in anger when stray
shots hit the ship. |
| In view of those developments, Washington returned to Puerto
Plata on 9 July and remained there into the autumn, keeping a vigil to protect
American lives and property and standing by to land her landing forces if
the situation required it. That August, Capt. Eberle's attempts to bring
about a conference finally bore fruit. The United States government sent
a commission -- consisting of J. F. Fort, the former governor of New Jersey;
James M. Sullivan, the American Minister to Santo Domingo; and Charles Smith,
a New Hampshire lawyer -- to mediate a peace in the Dominican Republic. |
| Both sides ultimately accepted the American suggestions which
provided for the establishment of a constitutional government and the institution
of elections under United States "observation." |
| Washington left Santo Domingo on 20 Nobember; but, late
that month, continued high feelings over the closely contested election resulted
in further unrest -- unrest met by the dispatch of additional marines to
Santo Domingo. For Washington, however, her part in the Dominican
intervention of 1914 was over. She sailed for home and arrived at Philadelphia
on 24 November and becam flagship of the Cruiser Squadron. |
| Following an overhaul at the Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Navy Yard
from 12 December 1914 to 11 January 1915, Washington sailed -- via
President Roads, Massachusetts (where she took on ammunition on 11 January)
-- for Hampton Roads, arriving there on 14 January. After a five-day visit,
during which she took on stores and provisions and an expeditionary force
of marines, Washington sailed for the Caribbean once more. |
| Two revolutions had rocked Haiti in 1914; a third, in January
1915, led by General Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, had resulted only in further
unrest for that troubled nation. Washington arrived at Cape Haitian
on 23 January, a week after General Sam's troops had invested it. The armored
cruiser, flying the flag of Rear Admiral Caperton and commanded by Capt.
Edward L. Beach -- the father of the future naval officer who would win fame
as a famous submariner and author -- stayed in port there until the 26th,
investigating "political conditions" before she shifted to the Haitian capital,
Port-au-Prince, on 27 January. There, she again observed local political
conditions in the wake of General Sam's takeover of the government before
sailing via Guantanamo for Mexican waters. |
| Washington conducted sub-caliber practices, observed political
conditions, and conducted torpedo practices off the ports of Tampico, Tuxpan,
Progreso, and Veracruz into the summer. Receiving provisions and stores from
the supply ship
Celtic off
Progreso 26 and 27 June, the armored cruiser sailed for Guantanamo where
she coaled and took on water on 30 June. She sailed the same day for Cape
Haitian, as all reports from the American minister there indicated that yet
another crises was brewing. |
| While Washington awaited further developments at Cape Haitian,
events in Port-au-Prince deteriorated, moving American Charge d'Affaire Davis
to send a telegram on 27 July to the Secretary of State, Robert Lansing,
reporting the troubled conditions. He reported that President Sam and some
of his men had been surrounded in the presidential palace and that the presence
of American war vessels was desirable. |
| In accordance with that message, the Navy dispatched
Washington to that port. Meanwhile, Sam took refuge in the French
legation where he hoped that diplomatic immunity would prevail. The mobs
of angry Haitians, however, were not concerned with such international niceties:
they invaded the legation at 1030 on 28 July 1915, forcibly removed former
President Sam, killed and dismembered him, and paraded portions of his body
on poles around the city. |
| Washington arrived at Port-au-Prince that day. Upon reviewing
the situation, Admiral Caperton acted from his flagship to protect not only
American interests but those of other foreign nations as well.
Washington remained at Port-au-Prince into the winter. During that
time, the United States effectively ran Haiti. On 12 August, Philippe Sudra
Dartinguenave was elected president; and his government was recognized by
the United States on 17 September 1915. |
| Ending that lengthy in-port period, Washington departed
Port-au-Prince on 31 January 1916 and arrived at Guantanamo the following
day. There, she transferred passengers and stores to other ships of the Fleet
and later transferred a company of marines to Norfolk soon after her arrival
in Hampton Roads on 5 February. The armored cruiser steamed north via New
York and Boston; reached Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on 29 February; and began
an overhaul in the navy yard there which lasted until the end of March. Then,
on 31 March, she was placed in reserve. |
| On 9 November 1916, Washington was renamed Seattle (retaining
her classification as Armored Cruiser No. 11). She was simultaneously taken
out of reserve and recommissioned for duty as flagship of the Destroyer
Force. |
| Seattle's peacetime duties as flagship for the Destroyer
Force were short. On 6 April 1917, the United States, after attempting patiently
but futilely to remain neutral, despite repeated incidents on the high seas,
finally entered World War I. |
| Seattle arrived at New York on 3 June 1917 to be fitted
out at the New York Navy Yard for war service. She sailed on 14 June as an
escort for the first American convoy to European waters and as flagship for
Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves. At 2215 on 22 June, she encountered her first
enemy submarines in latitude 48-00 N, longitude 25-50 W. |
| Shortly before the convoy was attacked, Seattle's helm
jammed; and she sheered out of formation sharply, minutes later, the ship
was brought back on course. Soon lookouts noted a white streak in the water
50 yards ahead of the vessel, crossing from starboard to port at right angles
to Seattle's course. Admiral Gleaves, asleep in the charthouse at
the time, awoke and was on the bridge in time to see the armored cruiser's
gun crews manning their weapons and the transport De Kalb opening
fire on the U-boat. |
| Subsequently, the destroyer Wilkes (Destroyer No. 67) attacked
an enemy submersible but failed to sink the German submarine. Later information
indicated that the enemy, probably aware of the approach of the first American
expeditionary forces, had dispatched a pair of submarines to lie in wait
for it. The attack, conducted under "ideal" conditions, was, fortunately
for the Americans, unsuccessful. Admiral Gleaves, in his report to the Commander
in Chief, Atlantic Fleet, on 12 July 1917, reported unequivocally: "their
[the enemy's] failure to score hits was probably due to the attack being
precipitated by the fortuitous circumstances of the Seattle's helm
jamming and the sounding of her whistle, leading the enemy to suppose he
had been discovered. |
| Seattle operated on comparatively uneventful escort duties
for the remainder of World War I, completing her ninth round-trip voyage
at New York on 27 October 1918. After the armistice of 11 November 1918,
Seattle -- like many other ships -- was fitted with extra accommodations
to enable her to function as a transport, and she brought back doughboys
from France until 5 July 1919. Later, after all of her special troop fittings
had been removed, Seattle sailed for the west coast to join the Pacific
Fleet. |
| Reviewed by President Woodrow Wilson on 12 September at he namesake
city -- Seattle -- the armored cruiser shifted to Puget Sound Navy Yard where
she was placed in "reduced commission." While in that inactive status,
Seattle was reclassified a heavy cruiser, CA-11, on 17 July
1920. |
| Placed in full commission again on 1 Marcy 1923, Capt. George
L. P. Stone in command, Seattle became the flagship for the Commander
in Chief, United States Fleet. In that role, over the next four years, she
wore the four-starred flags of a succession of officers: Admiral Hilary P.
Jones, Admiral Robert E. Koonts, Admiral Samuel S. Robison (who embarked
in the ship at the time of the Australian cruise of 1925), and Admiral Charles
F. Hughes. During that time, the armored cruiser operated from Seattle to
Hawaii and from Panama to Australia. |
| Subsequently returning to the Atlantic in June of 1927,
Seattle passed in review before President Calvin Coolidge on 3 June
1927. After a cruise along the east coast, the ship arrived at New York on
29 August to assume duties as the receiving ship at that port. On 1 July
1931, the ship's designation was changed to "unclassified." |
| As receiving ship, Seattle served as a floating barracks
-- a "clearance house of personnel" -- at New York into the 1940's. Ships
and stations transferred men to her for attending various schools in the
3d Naval District; she provided men for tugs and other district craft, as
well as naval escorts for patriotic functions (parades and funeral, etc.)
and, on board her, crews for ships preparing to go into commission were
assembled. Among those ships was the light cruiser
Honolulu
(CL-48). |
| On 17 February 1941, the erstwhile armored cruiser was reclassified
as IX-39. She was ultimately placed out of commission at New York on 28 June
1946 and was struck from the Navy list on 19 July of the same year. Sold
on 3 December 1946 to Hugo Neu, of New York City, the former flagship of
the United States Fleet and receiving ship at New York was subsequently
scrapped. |
Displacement, 15,712; Length 504'5"; Beam, 72'10"; Draft 25'; Speed,
22.0 knots; Complement, 887; Armament, four 10", sixteen 6", twenty-two 3",
twelve 3-pdrs, two 1-pdrs., four 18" torpedo tubes |
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