| Stewart (DD-224) was laid down on 9 September 1919 by William
Cramp and Sons, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; launched on 4 March 1920; sponsored
by Mrs. Margaretta Stewart Stevens, granddaughter of Rear admiral Stewart;
and commissioned on 15 September 1920, Lt. S. G. Lamb in command. |
| After a year of coastal operations with a reserve division,
Stewart joined Destroyer Squadron, Atlantic, on 12 October 1921. She
participated in fleet exercises in the Caribbean from 12 January to 22 April
1922; and, after repairs, departed Newport, Rhode Island, on 20 June and
proceeded, via the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, to the Philippines
for service in the Asiatic Fleet. She was destined not to return home for
23 years. |
| Arriving at Chefoo, China, on 26 August, Stewart entered
the routine of the Asiatic Fleet, conducting training exercises from bases
at Chefoo and Tsingtao in the summer and Manila in the winter and making
calls at Chinese ports during the transit in each direction. Her routine
was broken briefly between 6 and 21 September 1923 by a voyage to Yokosuka,
Japan, to relieve victims of an earthquake that had nearly destroyed that
city and Tokyo on 30 and 31 August. From 25 May to 16 June, Stewart
supported the flight of four Army aircraft around the world, operating first
in Japan and then at Shanghai. |
| Between 1924 and 1928, unrest in China came to a head with the
outbreak of anti-foreign disturbances at Shanghai and Canton. Stewart
transported marines to Shanghai in January 1925; and, during the next years,
spent periods augmenting the normal gunboat patrols on the Yangtse River
and on the coast near Canton. She was at Shanghai on 24 March 1927 when Chinese
Communist troops attacked foreigners at Nanking; and, for the next three
and one-half months, the destroyer was stationed at Wuhu, Nanking, Shanghai,
and Chenglin to protect American nationals and shipping along the Yangtse.
She was also on the China coast when the Japanese launched an air and sea
attack on Shanghai in late January 1932, and protected Americans at Swatow
and Amoy from 1 to 3 and 9 to 24 February and at Shanghai from 26 February
to 23 May. After full-scale war between Japan and China broke out in 1937:
Stewart was again often on station in Chinese ports, at Tsingtao and
Shanghai from 15 August to 18 December 1937; from 21 February to 21 March
1938; and from 3 June to 4 September 1939. On the latter date, after the
outbreak of war in Europe, she was ordered south for patrol duties in the
Philippines, which she continued until entering the Cavite Navy Yard for
overhaul on 5 April 1940. Upon leaving the yard on 1 June, Stewart
acted as plane guard vessel for seaplanes flying between Guam and the Philippines
and then made a final tour of Chinese Yellow Sea ports from 7 July to 23
September 1940. During 1941, she remained in the Philippines as the international
situation worsened; and, on 27 November, she was ordered, along with the
other major surface combatants of the Asiatic Fleet, to the Dutch East Indies.
Stewart was at Tarakan Roads, Borneo, with other American and Dutch
ships, when news of hostilities with Japan arrived on 8 December. During
the final weeks of 1941, she escorted naval auxiliaries from the Philippines
to Port Darwin, Australia. In January 1942, she escorted convoys within the
Dutch East Indies, as Japanese invasion forces drew closer. |
| On 30 January, Stewart joined the cruiser,
Marblehead (CL-12), and sortied with her from Bunda Roads on 4 February
to intercept Japanese forces at the south entrance to the Macassar Strait.
However, Marblehead was badly damaged by air attacks during the day;
and Stewart escorted her back to the base at Tjilatjap, Java. |
| Stewart joined Admiral Doorman's combined Dutch-American
striking force at sea on 14 February for an attack on Japanese forces advancing
along the northern coast of Sumatra. During the approach, Stewart
had to back her engines to avoid a Dutch destroyer ahead of her which had
run aground on a reef in Stolze Strait; and, on the following day, 15 February,
she survived numerous air attacks in the Bangka Strait. Although they damaged
no Allied ships, the air attacks convinced Admiral Doorman that further advance
without air cover would be foolhardy; and the Allied force retired. Stewart
was detached on 16 February to fuel at Ratai Bay in Sumatra. |
| Admiral Doorman's forces were scattered when the Japanese landed
on Bali on 19 February, and he threw his ships against the enemy in three
groups on the night of 19 and 20 February. Stewart was lead ship in
the second group; and, in several brief but furious night engagements, came
under extremely accurate fire from Japanese destroyers. Her boats were shot
away, her torpedo racks and galley were hit and a crippling shot hit the
destroyer aft below her water line, opening her seams and flooding the steering
engine room. However, the steering engine continued to operate under two
feet of water; and the destroyer was able to maintain her station in column
and return to Surabaya the next morning. |
| Stewart, as the most severely damaged ship, was the first
to enter the floating drydock at Surabaya on 22 February. However, she was
inadequately supported in the dock; and, as the dock rose, the ship fell
off the keel blocks onto her side in 12 feet of water, bending her propeller
shafts and causing further hull damage. With the port under enemy air attack
and in danger of falling to the enemy, the ship could not be repaired.
Responsibility for the destruction of the ship was given to naval authorities
ashore, and Stewart's last crew left the embattled port on the afternoon
of 22 February. Subsequently, demolition charges were set off within the
ship, a Japanese bomb hit amidships further damaged her; and, before the
port was evacuated on 2 March, the drydock containing her was scuttled. Her
name was struck from the Navy list on 25 March 1942 and was soon assigned
to a new destroyer escort. |
| Later in the war, American pilots began reporting an American
warship operating far within enemy waters. The ship had a Japanese trunked
funnel but the lines for her four-piper hull were unmistakable. After almost
a year under water, Stewart had been raised by the Japanese in February
1943 and commissioned by them on 20 September 1943 as Patrol Boat No. 102.
She was armed with two 3" guns and operated with the Japanese Southwest Area
Fleet on escort duty until arriving at Kure for repairs in November 1944.
There her antiaircraft battery was augmented, and she was given a light tripod
foremast. She then sailed for the Southwest Pacific, but the American reconquest
of the Philippines blocked her way. On 28 April 1945, still under control
of the Southwest Area Fleet, she was bombed and damaged by United States
Army aircraft at Mokpo, Korea. She was transferred on 30 April to the control
of the Kure Navy District; and, in August 1945, was found by American occupation
forces laid up in Hiro Bay near Kure. |
| In an emotional ceremony on 29 October 1945, the old ship was
recommissioned in the United States Navy at Kure. Although officially called
simply DD-224, she was nicknamed by her crew "RAMP-224," standing
for "Recovered Allied Military Personnel." On the trip home, her engines
gave out near Guam, and she arrived at San Francisco in early March 1946
at the end of a towline. DD-224 was struck from the Navy list on 17
April 1946, decommissioned on 23 May 1946, and sunk a day later off San Francisco
as a target for aircraft. |
 |
Stewart (DD-224) received two battle stars for her World War II
service. |
|
Displacement, 1,215; Length, 314'5"; Beam, 31'9";
Draft, 9'4"; Speed, 35 knots; Complement, 101; Armament, four 4", one 3",
twelve 21" torpedo tubes |
|
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