USS California, Battleship (BB-44) History

USS California,

Battleship (BB-44)

Act of 3 March 1915:

"._._. The President is hereby authorized to have constructed two first-class battleships, carrying as heavy armor and as powerful armament as any vessel of their class, to have teh highest practicable speed and greatest desirable radius of action, and to cost, exclusive of armor and armament, not to exceed $7,800,000 each. ._._."

California was launched 20 November 1919 by Mare Island Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. R. T. Zane; and commissioned 10 August 1921, Captain H. J. Ziegemeier in command; and reported to the Pacific Fleet as flagship.

For 20 years from 1921 until 1941, California served first as flagship of the Pacific Fleet, then as flagship of the Battle Fleet (Battle Force), U.S. Fleet. Her annual activities included joint Army-Navy exercises, tactical and organizational development problems, and fleet concentrations for various purposes. Intensive training and superior performance won her the Battle Efficiency Pennant for 1921-22, and the Gunnery "E" for 1925-26.

In the summer of 1925 California led the Battle Fleet and a division of cruisers from the Scouting Fleet on a very successful good-will cruise to Australia and New Zealand. She took part in the Presidential reviews of 1927, 1930 and 1934. She was modernized in late 1929 and early 1930 and equipped with an improved anti aircraft battery.

In 1940 California switched her base to Pearl Harbor. On 7 December 1941 she was moored at the southern most berth of "Battleship Row" and was with other dreadnoughts of the Battle Force when the Japanese launched their aerial attack. As she was about to undergo a material inspection, watertight integrity was not at its maximum; consequently the ship suffered great damage when hit. At 0805 a bomb exploded below decks, setting off an antiaircraft ammunition magazine and killing about 50 men. A second bomb ruptured her bow plates. Despite valiant efforts to keep her afloat, the inrushing water could not be isolated and California settled into the mud wit only her superstructure remaining above the surface. When the action ended, 90 of her crew were lost and 61 wounded.

On 25 March 1942 California was refloated and drydocked at Pearl Harbor for repairs. On 7 July she departed under her own power, for Puget Sound Navy Yard where a major reconstruction job was accomplished, including improved protection, stability, AA battery, and fire control system.

California departed Bremerton 31 January 1944 for shakedown at San Pedro, and sailed from San Francisco 5 May for the invasion of the Marianas. Off Saipan in June, she conducted effective shore bombardment and call fire missions. On 14 June she was hit by a shell from an enemy shore battery which killed one man and wounded nine. Following Saipan, her heavy guns helped blast the way for our assault force in the Guam and Tinian operations (18 July - 9 August). On 24 August she arrived at Espiritu Santo for repairs to her port bow damaged in a collision with Tennessee (BB-43).

On 17 September 1944 California sailed to Manus to ready for the invasion of the Philippines. From 17 October to 20 November she played a key role in the Leyte operation, including the destruction of the Japanese fleet in the Battle of Surigao Strait (25 October). On 1 January 1945 she departed the Palaus for the Luzon landings. Her powerful batteries were an important factor in the success of these dangerous operations driven home into the heart of enemy-held territory under heavy air attack. On 6 January while providing shore bombardment at Lingayen Gulf she was hit by a kamikaze plane; 44 of her crew were killed and 155 were wounded. Undeterred she made temporary repairs on the spot and remained carrying out her critical mission of shore bombardment until the job was done. She departed 23 January for Puget Sound Navy Yard, arriving 15 February, for permanent repairs.

California returned to action at Okinawa 15 June 1945 and remained in that embattled area until 21 July. Two days later she joined TF 95 to cover the East China Sea minesweeping operations. After a short voyage to San Pedro Bay, Philippine Islands, in August, the ship departed Okinawa 20 September to cover the landing of the 6th Army occupation force at Wakanoura Wan, Honshu. She remainder supporting the occupation until 15 October, then sailed via Singapore, Colombo and Capetown, to Philadelphia, arriving 7 December. She was placed in commission in reserve there 7 August 1946; out of commission in reserve 14 February 1947; and sold 10 July 1959.

California received seven battle stars for World War II service

USS California, Battleship (BB-44) Specifications

1921

Length Overall: 624'
Extreme Beam: 97'5"
Normal Displacement:
- Tons: 32,300
- Mean Draft: 30'3"
Designed Complement:
- Officers: 57
- Enlisted: 1,026
Armor:
- Belt: 13.5"
- Turrets: 18"
- Deck:
  - 2nd: 3.5"
  - 3rd: 1.5"
- Conning Tower: 16"
Designed Speed: 21
Designed Shaft Horsepower: 28,500
Engines:
- Manufacturer: Curtis (GE)
- Type: Turbine, electric drive
Screws: 4
Boilers:
- Manufacturer: Bureau Express
- No.: 8
Fuel :
- Fuel Oil: 4,656 Tons
Drive: TE
Class: Tennessee